Diet for gastritis of the stomach

Adequate nutrition is of great importance in the prevention and treatment of gastritis. Diet reduces the severity of painful manifestations and increases the effectiveness of therapeutic manipulations.

The imbalance of food components (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fibers) changes the pH of the stomach and stimulates the pathogenesis of gastritis, including gastric ulcers. All diets for chronic stomach diseases are developed taking into account the acidity of the stomach environment.

Based on the nutritional value, gastritis treatment tables are divided into two types:

• Basic diets. The diet contains enough energy to maintain the patient's vital functions, while at the same time having a beneficial effect on the stomach wall;
• Low calorie diets. In case of exacerbation of the pathogenesis (acute indigestion, constipation, diarrhea), a diet with a reduced energy content is used for several days.

Diets (tables) used to feed patients with gastritis have a digital marking. Official medicine has approved fifteen basic numbered therapeutic diets. Some tables are available in several versions, indicated by letters of the alphabet. In case of stomach diseases, the 1. , 1a. , 1b. , tables 2, 3 and 4 are recommended. During the period of therapeutic nutrition for gastritis, you should give up alcohol and smoking, as well as fatty, smoked, pickled, spicy and sour foods. foods.

The nutrition of patients diagnosed with gastritis is based on several principles that form the basis of such diets:

• Eliminate hot foods from your diet (over 60⁰C) and cold (below 15⁰C) dishes;
• Choose the optimal temperature for diet food (20-50⁰WITH);
• Use the rules of eating: small meals (no more than 5-6 times a day) and regularity (at the same time);
• In case of hyperacid gastritis, exclude from the diet those foods that stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid and irritate the stomach wall;
• In case of deficient and sour gastritis, give preference to foods that speed up digestion;
• If a person has two diseases at the same time, for example, gastritis and diabetes, then foods harmful to diabetes should also be excluded from the diet.

What can you eat if you have gastritis with high acidity?

The diagnosis of "chronic gastritis with high acidity" or "chronic hyperacid gastritis" is confirmed by comprehensive medical examinations using laboratory and functional diagnostic methods.

The disease is characterized by an increase in hydrochloric acid, digestive enzymes and other components of the produced gastric juice. The acid irritates the walls of the stomach, reduces their functional properties and changes the physiological processes of digestion.

The main symptoms of gastritis with high acidity are pain between meals and heartburn after meals.

In case of gastritis with high acidity, the consumption of rich mushroom, meat and fish soups, as well as immediate semi-finished products, is prohibited. They strongly irritate the taste buds and stimulate further production of hydrochloric acid.

The food set that includes the diet of a patient diagnosed with gastritis with high acidity includes the following:

• First courses (vegetable puree soups and cereals, pasta soups cooked with water or milk);
• Main dishes (meat, fish, chopped, steamed, boiled or fried, sometimes lightly fried, without crust);
• Side dishes (cooked vegetables, pasta, soft cereals);
• Salads, snacks (cooked vegetable salads, lean meat, fish, milk sausage, cheese-based snacks);
• Milk 2. 5% pasteurized, some fermented milk products (cream, yogurt, cottage cheese);
• Sweet fruits and berries;
• Drinks (tea, dried fruit compotes, jelly, juices from certain types of fruit, concoctions);
• Bakery goods (bread made from dried wheat, dry biscuits);
• Fats (vegetable oils, butter).

More details about the individual components of the menu for patients with hyperacid gastritis:

• Beef.It is recommended to use meat of the first category with a limited fat content. The energy value of this product is approximately 218 kcal/100 g. The ratio of proteins and fats is 1: 1. Beef contains many macro and microelements, especially phosphorus, sulfur, iron, zinc, copper, chromium, cobalt and molybdenum, as well as a high content of B vitamins. Chopped steamed steak, boiled, steamed, fried meat cut into pieces are made from beef;
• Mutton.Lean meat is allowed, its energy value per 100 grams is about 209 kcal, the ratio of proteins and fats is 1: 1. The product contains many macroelements potassium, sulfur, phosphorus, microelements copper, fluorine. Due to its specific taste and smell, lamb is rarely used in medical facilities, but it can also be cooked at home;
• Rabbit meatThe energy value of 100 g is approximately 183 kcal. The ratio of proteins and fats is 2: 1. The meat contains enough macro- and microelements and vitamins. Lean rabbit meat is considered one of the best meat products for treating hyperacid gastritis. Boiled, roasted and fried pieces are prepared;
• Chicken meat.The energy value of 100 g is 90-180 kcal, depending on the part of the carcass. The ratio of proteins and fats is approximately the same as that of rabbit meat. The most valuable white meat is skinless chicken breast. Prepare the boiled and fried pieces;
• Sausage.Eat as a snack. It is recommended to consume no more than 50 g of skimmed boiled milk and doctor's sausage per day. Sausage can be replaced with giblets and pâtés;
• Beef language.Its energy value is about 173 kcal per 100 grams, it is a tasty by-product of the first category. Nutritious and rich in nutrients. Cooked, it is used as a warm snack;
• Sausage.The use of this product is not regulated by the official gastritis diet. Since low-fat types of milk sausage can also be used, it must be assumed that milk sausage can also be consumed in case of gastritis with high acidity. It is not recommended to choose smoked and fried sausages, sausages and bacon with a large amount of pork fat;
• Sea fish.Low-fat varieties are recommended. The usual fat content of fish is no more than 15-20%. Low-fat fish are marine species (cod, tuna). Their fat content is between 0. 4-0. 8%, and their protein content is between 17. 6% (codfish) and 22. 8% (tuna). The energy value of this fish is between 148 kcal/100 (coke) and 297 kcal/100 g (tuna). Fish contains healthy unsaturated fats (omega-3, omega-6). Low-fat herring soaked in water (milk) is allowed as a snack. A small amount of sturgeon caviar is allowed in case of hyperacid gastritis;
• River fish.Low fat content in perch and pike. The limited consumption of river fish in health facilities is due to the large number of small bones. They make home-cooked cuts and steamed fish slices;
• Milk.Pasteurized cow's milk with a fat content of 2. 5% is usually used. Whole milk (directly from the cow) is prohibited in the diet. The energy value of 2. 5% milk is 54 kcal/100 ml. Pasteurized milk can be consumed without further heat treatment. Hot dishes are prepared on it: soups, porridge, puree, omelette. Individual intolerance to milk components is possible;
• CreamThis is milk separated to 10% (normal cream) or 35% (cream). Heavy cream is not used in diets, but normal cream is added in small quantities to main dishes, sauces and puddings;
• Hard cheesesParmesan, Dutch, Kostroma, Cheddar and others. Its energy value is approximately 355 kcal in 100 g of product. It is used as a snack. In case of gastritis with high acidity, hard cheeses with a limited fat content (30-50%) without spicy additives are recommended. You can eat more than 20-50 grams of cheese per day;
• Soft cheesesMascarpone and others. The calorie content of Mascarpone cheese is 450 kcal/100 g of product. For dietary nutrition, you should choose mild, unsalted types of cheese. A moderate amount of cheese can significantly modify the balance of animal proteins and fats as well as micronutrients in the daily diet of patients with gastritis;
• Cottage cheese.Non-acidic varieties are recommended.The fat content ranges from 0% (low-fat cottage cheese) to 30% (fat cottage cheese). The energy and nutritional value of such a product is very high. Cottage cheese can be used as cottage cheese, cheese cake, baked without a crust;
• Yogurt. The normal fat content is 3. 2%. The product is low in calories, only 65 kcal per 100 g. Yogurts contain enough sugar and little acid. The main types of yogurt are suitable for dietary nutrition in gastritis;
• Chicken eggs.The energy value is 157 kcal in 100 g of product. The ratio of proteins and fats is about 1: 1. In case of gastritis, use fresh eggs (obtained from chickens) no later than seven days ago. Soft eggs and omelets with milk or cream are recommended. Raw eggs are prohibited in diet foods due to poor digestibility of raw proteins;

• Porridge.The caloric content of porridge exceeds the energy value of meat products. However, plant carbohydrates provide quick energy. Oatmeal should not be considered the main component of dietary nutrition for gastritis. Porridge, slimy soups, puddings and other dishes are made from popular cereals: semolina, rice, buckwheat, oatmeal.
• Semolinaenergy value 100 g 335 kcal. The main amount of energy comes from carbohydrates. Despite its high content of macro- and micro-elements and vitamins, semolina is carefully used in the dietary nutrition of children under 3 years of age and elderly people over 70 years of age. A high level of individual intolerance to the product was observed in these age groups;
• Rice grainenergy value 100 g 323 kcal. A 100 gram portion provides approximately 20% of a person's daily energy needs. Rice contains many useful substances. It contains ingredients that relieve irritation of the stomach wall and have antioxidant properties;
• Buckwheatenergy value 100 g 335 kcal. A valuable dietary product. Regulates blood cholesterol levels, normalizes metabolic processes, promotes weight loss;
• Oat groatsenergy value 100 g 342 kcal. Oatmeal is allowed. Oatmeal made from oat flakes (flakes) has a high energy value and contains the maximum amount of macro- and micro-elements, as well as B vitamins. The mucous membrane substances of oatmeal reduce the irritation of the stomach wall.
• Pastaand vermicelli. Its energy value is 320-350 kcal per 100 g. In case of gastritis with high acidity, pasta made from premium durum wheat is recommended. The negative effect of wheat (an undesirable grain product in gastritis) is reduced by the protein component of the pasta, the egg white. It is added during the factory manufacturing process. Pasta and vermicelli are the components of the first and second courses;
• Bread.In case of gastritis, use premium quality wheat bread. It doesn't have to be fresh. It is better if the bread has been baked for 1-2 days. Biscuits and dry cakes are allowed in limited quantities. You can diversify the menu no more than twice a week with pies baked with meat, fish, apples and berries, which are allowed in hyperacid gastritis;
• Potatoenergy value 100 g 77 kcal. The product contains a large amount of water, carbohydrates, potassium, iron, zinc, PP vitamin (nicotinic acid). It is recommended boiled or pureed. It is forbidden to include fried potatoes in the diet. In this form, it is poorly digestible, irritates the stomach wall and stimulates fermentation processes;
• Carrotits energy value is 33 kcal per 100 g, it contains a large amount of carbohydrates, beta-carotene (provitamin A), vitamin B, and pectin. Pectins are substances that disinfect the body and reduce the level of harmful substances. Carrots contain a lot of potassium and other trace elements;
• Sugar beetenergy value 100 g 43 kcal, contains a large amount of carbohydrates, macro- and microelements, vitamins. Eaten cooked. Beetroot prevents the formation of pathogenic microflora in the stomach and intestines and increases bowel movements;
• cabbage. Nutritionists' recommendations for treating gastritis are ambiguous. Cabbage is naturally healthy, but it can cause bloating. White cabbage and Brussels sprouts increase the secretion of gastric juice. These varieties are not recommended for hyperacidic gastritis, but are used for gastritis with low hydrochloric acid;
• Cauliflowerits energy value is 30 kcal per 100 g, it contains a large amount of carbohydrates, potassium and sugar, vitamin C, microelements. Steamed and steamed is highly recommended for hyperacidic gastritis, as it does not stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid;
• Zucchinienergy value 100 g 24 kcal. Lots of carbs and sugar, little fiber. Zucchini is rich in vitamin C (ascorbic acid) B₉(folic acid), A (retinol). Zucchini has a fine pulp texture and is definitely recommended for dietetic nutrition in case of gastritis;
• Pumpkinenergy value 100 g 22 kcal. The product is balanced in proteins, fats and carbohydrates and rich in vitamins A and B₉(folic acid), C (ascorbic acid). Among the macro and micro elements, a high content of potassium and copper can be observed. In the case of hyperacid gastritis, pumpkin is recommended in the form of squash, pumpkin juice is also very useful. This vegetable has beneficial properties in pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, the seeds have anthelmintic properties and have a laxative effect. Zucchini and pumpkin fruits should be eaten in the early stages of ripening. The use of overripe fruits is not recommended;
• Tomatoenergy value 100 g 20 kcal. Only ripe fruits with a high sugar content are used. The product is rich in potassium, chlorine, sodium, vitamins A and C. In hyperacid gastritis, tomatoes are eaten in pureed soups and sauces. We recommend removing the peel first;
• Fresh green dill.It is very useful to use fresh dill as a seasoning for gastritis with high acidity. This product is rich in vitamins, in addition, the substances contained in dill prevent food from fermenting in the stomach and relieve cramps;

• Apples.Only sweet varieties are recommended. The energy value of this product is 47 kcal/100 g. The apple contains a large amount of macro- and microelements and vitamins. The apple diet made from green apples is a myth. All of the purported essential biochemical components of apples, including pectin, are found in other fruits and vegetables. Before eating the apple, remove the peel, it irritates the stomach wall. Baked apples for gastritis can be eaten without restriction;

Beet or cane sugar, jam, strawberry jams and sweet apples are used to a limited extent as sweeteners.

What should you not eat if you have gastritis with high acidity?

In case of this type of inflammation, dishes containing the following substances are not recommended:

• Stimulation of gastric juice production;
• Aggressively affects the walls of the stomach;
• Enhancement of fermentation processes;
• It is poorly digested in the stomach.

Foods that stimulate the production of gastric juice:

• Kiwi.This sweet and sour exotic fruit has a pleasant taste, contains many vitamins, sugars and organic acids, as well as substances that stimulate tissue regeneration and have a local soothing effect. In the meantime, you should refrain from eating kiwi if you suffer from hyperacid gastritis, especially in the acute stage. The reason for the ban is the possible negative effect of acids on the inflamed stomach wall;
• Orange.All citrus fruits (lemon, lime, grapefruit, tangerine) stimulate the taste buds and indirectly cause the production of hydrochloric acid. Numerous scientific observations support the fact that humans salivate even at the sight of lemons. Therefore, in case of hyperacid gastritis, the consumption of citrus fruits is strictly prohibited;
• Garlic.The plant is known for its phytoncides, which prevent the onset of colds and are natural antibiotics. However, when taken orally, garlic stimulates the appetite, thereby causing an active production of gastric juice.

Products that have an aggressive effect on the gastric mucosa:

• Chocolate. Despite the abundance of useful substances, it is forbidden to use it in case of gastritis. The ban is related to the high (about 40%) caffeine content of chocolate. Caffeine is known for its aggressive effect on the gastric sphincter and its ability to cause reflux. Caffeine also has an irritating effect on the stomach wall. These properties of caffeine and chocolate are undesirable for gastritis.
• Ice cream pop. It is a tasty dairy product, but it contains thickeners, flavors, preservatives, flavorings and colorings. This cold, sweet delicacy has a negative effect on the stomach wall;
• NutsIt is not desirable to consume in large quantities in case of gastritis (more than 30 grams per day);
• Cashew nuts.This product contains a caustic oily substance from which natural ink is made, so cashews can aggravate gastritis;
• Almondand other stone fruits and berries (apricots, plums, cherries) contain a small amount of hydrogen cyanide, which has a bad effect on the inflamed stomach wall;
• Peanut (hazelnut) is a product rich in nutrients, its protein value is close to that of meat. However, hazelnuts contain small amounts of aggressive acids that have a negative effect on the intestines. Their effect on the stomach of a healthy person is not noticeable, but with an inflamed mucous membrane, hazelnuts can increase the pathogenesis.

Products that enhance fermentation processes in the body:

• Cereals(millet, corn, barley, beans). Porridge made from these plants contains coarse fibers, increases the acidity of gastric juice and stimulates fermentation processes;
• Peanut.This is not a nut, but the fruit of a legume. Like all legumes, peanuts also cause fermentation in the stomach, thereby irritating its walls;
• Solo.It contains a large amount of useful substances, while it contains a lot of sugar. The grapes also have a thick skin, the ingredients of which stimulate the fermentation process.

Foods that are poorly digested in the stomach:

• Contains meatProducts, poorly digestible in the stomach, their common feature is high cholesterol and animal fats;
• Lean pork, although it is included in the list of acceptable foods for dietary nutrition, it is not used in health institutions. Therefore, this type of meat has been classified as prohibited due to gastritis;
• Duck and goose meat, smoked meat products.Excess fats in such types of meat and delicacies suppress the production of hydrochloric acid, as a result of which the speed of digestion decreases. Fatty foods do not remain in the intestines, they are quickly excreted from the body and often cause diarrhea;
• Hello.The main energy value of the product is represented by animal fat. Lard contains a lot of table salt and spices. Like fatty meat, lard suppresses the production of hydrochloric acid, irritates the stomach wall and causes diarrhea;
• Canned meat and fish.Contain flavoring additives, a lot of fat and other ingredients that are poorly digested in a sick stomach;
• Dumplings. They are difficult to digest and contain two opposite ingredients in their composition: boiled pasta and minced meat. In gastritis with high acidity, eating dumplings is accompanied by heartburn and heartburn;
• Liver. This product contains a huge amount of cholesterol (more than 270 mg per serving on average), in addition, the liver is the body's biological filter, accumulating and processing harmful substances that enter the blood of the animal or bird. Despite the high content of vitamin A and other fat-soluble vitamins, liver is not recommended for inflammatory processes of the stomach wall.

Plant foods that are poorly digested in the stomach include cantaloupe and watermelon.

Diet for gastritis with low acidity

Hypoacid gastritis manifests itself in the form of belching, dyspepsia (usually diarrhea) and nausea. Symptoms are the result of insufficient digestion of food in the stomach. The diet recommended for low acid content bears the official designation number 2.

In case of gastritis with low digestive enzymes, the food is enriched with foods that stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid.

Dietary nutrition for patients with reduced hydrochloric acid production is done in the same way as the usual diet for gastritis. The set of products is approximately the same, but there are small differences, since low acidity occurs due to insufficient production of digestive enzymes.

Unlike gastritis with high acidity, in this case:

• Make meals of rich meat and fish stock;
• Eat sweet and sour fruits and berries, including citrus fruits;
• Eat pickled cucumbers and tomatoes in reasonable quantities;
• Drink fermented milk drinks instead of milk (kumys, kefir, fermented baked milk);
• Drink sour-tasting fruit juices;
• Drink mineral water without gas.

In order to improve the efficiency of digestion, the food should be chewed thoroughly. Among the medicines, taking digestive enzymes is effective.

Diet for exacerbation of gastritis

The exacerbation of gastritis is characterized by striking symptoms: severe pain, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting and stomach bleeding. As gastritis worsens, symptoms of dehydration, weakness, pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, and thickening of the liquid fraction of the blood are possible.

During the first days of an exacerbation, it is permissible to completely fast and drink a lot of fluids in the form of physiological solutions and fluids that relieve inflammation and irritation of the stomach walls. From the second or third day, the gradual introduction of nutritional components into the diet begins.

Subtypes 1a (for diarrhea) and 1b (for constipation) of the basic nutritional diet are low in energy. The diet reduces the amount of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. In the first stage of therapeutic nutrition, foods that even slightly stimulate the secretion function are completely excluded.

The diet menu for exacerbation of gastritis includes:

• Cereal slime puree soups on water with gradual addition of milk;
• Finely chopped lean meat (chicken, rabbit, soft veal, boneless fish) in the form of soufflés and steamed slices;
• Soft-boiled eggs, omelets;
• Water-based porridge from broken buckwheat, oatmeal and rice;
• Berry jelly drinks, weakly brewed tea without sugar.

After the symptoms of the exacerbation subside, they gradually return to basic diets with high or low acidity.